| QUALITY CIRCUITS, INC. LEADS
                                        THE CIRCUIT INDUSTRY IN BARE PRINTED
                                        CIRCUIT BOARD CLEANLINESS REQUIREMENTS. WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?
                                        With the current use on circuits board
                                        surface of no-clean fluxes and the elimination
                                        of hydrocarbons from the cleaning process,
                                        Ionic Contamination can remain on the
                                        circuit board surface and be encapsulated
                                        into the finished assembly. These entrapped
                                        contaminates can lead to dendritic growth
                                        and long-term assembly failures. WHAT IS DENDRITIC GROWTH? Dendritic
                                        growth occurs when a contaminate such
                                        as a Chloride Ion combines with moisture,
                                        the condustive circuit, and an electrical
                                        current to create a miniature voltaic
                                        cell. This cell can grow an ionic short
                                        between adjacent circuits causing circuit
                                        failure long after successful in-circuit
                                        testing is completed. HOW CAN THIS BE PREVENTED? By
                                        starting with the cleanest bare printed
                                        circuit boards possible, long-term failures
                                        attributed to dendritic formation is
                                        significantly reduced. Quality Circuits, Inc. Solution: 
                                        Deionized water is utilized in all
                                          critical processes.A final cleaning step, incorporating
                                          a chemical saponifier, is performed
                                          on all parts once all processing and
                                          inspection is complete.A similar cleaning step incorporating
                                          an additional chemical saponifier is
                                          performed immediately following hot
                                          air leveling, the major source of ionic
                                          contamination. Special handling techniques are
                                          employed to eliminate recontamination.Product is periodically verified
                                          for contamination levels via liquid
                                          ion chromatography. Contaminant measurement,
                                          via liquid ion chromatography, far
                                          exceeds the capability of the “Industrial
                                          Standard” Omega Ion Contamination
                                          meter. Quality Circuits’ Ion
                                          Chromatography ResultsIonic Species Tested For: Anions: Chloride, Bromide, Sulfate, and Weak Organic
  Acid (W.O.A.).
 Mean Results based on Micro-Grams
                                          Per Square Inch: 
                                        Chloride: Less than .80Bromide: Less than .15Sulfate: Less than .60W.O.A. Less than .01 TOTAL COMBINED CONTAMINATES:
                                          LESS THAN 1.60 * Industry standards based on Omega
                                        Ion Contaminate Meter results are 10
                                        Micro |